Historical Significance

Fort Hill, located in Eastham, Massachusetts, on Cape Cod, is a site of remarkable natural beauty and historical importance. It has long been a beloved destination for hikers, photographers, birdwatchers, and history enthusiasts. The hill's elevated overlook and trail system offer some of the most captivating views on Cape Cod.

Early Visitors and Indigenous Inhabitants

Fort Hill's historical significance dates back to 1605 when the renowned explorer Samuel de Champlain visited the area. He reported that portions of the land were inhabited by Native Americans and partially cleared. This marks an early chapter in the history of the site.

Colonial Era and the Name "Fort Hill"

During the colonial period, Fort Hill was the highest point adjacent to the meetinghouse constructed by Pilgrim residents of Nauset, later known as Eastham, in 1644. The origins of the name "Fort Hill" remain a topic of discussion among scholars. It is believed to reflect its potential use as a defensive position against potential European threats.

Governor Thomas Prence and Reverend Samuel Treat

Governor Thomas Prence, who governed the colony from Eastham for a time, is associated with the nearby farmland. Reverend Samuel Treat, who arrived in Eastham in 1672, played a significant role in fostering relationships with local indigenous communities. Treat's dedication to learning their language and participating in their traditions endeared him to the local indigenous communities, with approximately 500 "Praying Indians" under his protection. These Indians had their own villages, churches, schools, and governance, demonstrating the coexistence of different cultures during that time.

Two Centuries of Family Farming

Fort Hill holds a significant place in history as it remained under the ownership of a single family for more than 200 years. From 1742 to 1943, the Knowles and Penninman families owned the land and operated a farm. While much of the Cape was being developed during the early 1900s, Fort Hill remained largely natural with only a few old homes along with the pastures. The creation of the Cape Cod National Seashore in 1961 played a significant role in limiting change since the end of the Knowles family ownership.

Joining The National Seashore

The establishment of the Cape Cod National Seashore in 1961 played a pivotal role in preserving the area's natural beauty and limiting further development. The National Park Service was able to acquire the land and make it public. Fort Hill now stands as the symbolic beginning of the Cape Cod National Seashore, which has been cherished by nature enthusiasts and history aficionados alike.

National Register of Historic Places

Recognizing its historical and cultural importance, Fort Hill was added to the National Register of Historic Places as the Fort Hill Rural Historic District on April 5, 2001. This designation encompasses the site's historic residences, outbuildings, and the surrounding open fields and previously farmed areas. It's reference number is 00001656.

Coastal Resilience and Natural Beauty

Fort Hill has been relatively resistant to coastal erosion, thanks in part to Nauset Beach, which acts as a protective barrier. This has preserved the area's coastal character over the years.

Sweeping Panoramic Views

For visitors, Fort Hill offers panoramic vistas from its parking area and overlook atop the hill. This vantage point provides breathtaking views in multiple directions, including Nauset Marsh, Town Cove, and the vast Atlantic Ocean. The former U.S. Coast Guard Station at Coast Guard Beach, dating back to around 1936, is one of the few other visible structures on the north side of Nauset Marsh. An additional parking area, without views, is located down the hill. Parking is free.

The Fort Hill Trail

A captivating 1-mile loop trail, the Fort Hill Trail, invites exploration and immersion in the natural beauty of the area. Suitable for individuals of all ages and abilities, this trail makes the wonders of Fort Hill accessible to everyone. Be sure to stay on the trail to keep the land pristine. Also, be sure to Leave No Trace while exploring. Pets, including dogs, are not allowed on the Fort Hill Trail.